P.T. Barnum is probably best known for his Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. What made him so successful might have been his ability to use subjective validation to sway audiences. He didn't invent it, but he was quite prolific with its use. He had a very colorful life which is summarized quite well on Wikipedia.
Some examples of the Barnum effect ...
can be found in your newspaper's daily horoscope. Below is an excerpt from an email I received which demonstrates it quite well:
This is a Chinese Feng Shui horoscope. Take a moment to take this test! If you are honest this tells the truth, it's pretty accurate.
Write your answers on paper. Find out your horoscope at the bottom.1. Which is your favorite color: Red, Black, Blue, Green or Yellow?
2. Your first initial?
3. Your month of birth?
4. Which color do you like more, Black or White?
5. The name of a person that is the same sex as you?
6. Your favorite number?
7. Do you like California or Florida more?
8. Do you like a lake or the ocean more?
The answers:
1. If you choose;
Red: You are alert and your life is full of love...
Black: You are conservative and aggressive.
Green: Your soul is relaxed and you are laid back.
Blue: You are spontaneous and love affection
Yellow: You are a very happy person and give good advice to those who are down.
2. If your initials are:
A-K: You have a lot of love and friendships in your life.
L-R: You try to live your life to the max and your love life is soon to bloom.
S-Z : You like to help others and your future looks very bright.
3. If you were born in:
Jan-Mar: The year will go very well for you and you will discover that you fall in love with someone totally unexpected.
Apr-Jun: You will have a strong love relationship that will last forever.
Jul-Sep: You will have a great year and will experience a major life-changing experience for the good.
Oct-Dec: Your life will be great; you will find your soul mate.
4. If you choose:
Black: Your life is about to get better. You are more than ready for the change.
White: You have a friend who completely confides in you and would do anything for you, but you may not realize it.
5. This person should be your best friend...
6. This is how many close friends you will have in your life time..
7. If you choose:
California: You like adventure.
Florida: You are a laid back person.
8. If you choose:
Lake: You are loyal to your friends & your lover. You are very reserved.
Ocean: You are spontaneous and like to please people.
No matter your answer, you are sure to be blessed with all sorts of nicities that give the reader the impression that someone knows how they really feel or who their "inner person" really is.
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